Volumen: 20 # Number : 3
Publication Date : Septiembre - Diciembre Year: 2016
Chronic adult T-cell leukemia after transmission
of human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1
by blood transfusion as a newborn
Authors: Colucci M, Berini C, Cánepa C, Ruggieri M,
Halperin N, Rojas F, Altube A, Lorenzo Cabral C,
Deves A, Hermine O, Biglione M
Abstract: Approximately 20 million individuals are infected
by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-
1) worldwide and 3-5% of them will develop an
associated pathology. Areas of extremely high
HTLV-1 prevalence as the Northwest region of
Argentina are surrounded by areas of middle or
very low prevalence. HTLV-1 is transmitted via
parenteral, sexual and vertical and causes adult T
cell leukemia lymphoma (ATLL), an aggressive
lymphoproliferative malignancy of peripheral T cells
that develops in the majority of cases in individuals
who were infected with HTLV-1 by their mothers
due to prolonged breastfeeding. In non-endemic
areas, ATLL is usually limited to immigrants from
endemic regions. ATLL is classified as acute,
chronic, lymphoma and smoldering. Very few cases
of ATLL have been diagnosed in recipient patients
after an organ transplantation or blood transfusion.
Achieving an accurate and fast diagnosis of ATLL
can be challenging for the direct impact on their life
expectancy. We present the case of a delayed onset
of a chronic ATLL in an 18-years-old male who was
transfused with blood components as a premature
newborn in Buenos Aires, a non-endemic city for
HTLV-1 infection in South America.
Key words: Chronic ATLL,
HTLV-1,
Blood transfusion,
Latency.
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